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Energy flow from primary source to end use

Illustrative layout only. Units would be EJ per year. Link colour follows the source; electricity in the accent colour; losses in grey.

Example data · not real values

Scroll sideways to follow the flow →

Show the data as a table

EXAMPLE DATA, not real values: energy flow from source to end use
From	To	Value (example units)
Solar	Electricity	4
Wind	Electricity	6
Hydro	Electricity	3
Nuclear	Electricity	8
Gas	Electricity	12
Coal	Electricity	9
Gas	Residential	5
Gas	Commercial	3
Gas	Industrial	10
Oil	Transport	24
Oil	Industrial	8
Bioenergy	Industrial	3
Bioenergy	Transport	2
Coal	Industrial	1
Electricity	Residential	5
Electricity	Commercial	5
Electricity	Industrial	4
Electricity	Conversion losses	28
Residential	Useful energy	6
Residential	Losses (rejected)	4
Commercial	Useful energy	5
Commercial	Losses (rejected)	3
Industrial	Useful energy	14
Industrial	Losses (rejected)	12
Transport	Useful energy	6
Transport	Losses (rejected)	20
Conversion losses	Losses (rejected)	28

Source: Example data made for layout only (no real values). Planned source: LLNL energy flow charts or IEA balances, licence to be confirmed.
Retrieved: Not applicable
Method: Methodology §5

CSV for Energy flow from primary source to end use

Primary energy consumption

Per year, 1965–2024. Converted from TWh (1 EJ = 277.8 TWh; 1 quad = 293.07 TWh)

Show the data as a table

Primary energy consumption, TWh (1 EJ = 277.78 TWh)
Year	World (TWh)	China (TWh)	United States (TWh)	European Union (27) (TWh)	India (TWh)
1965	43,360	1,536	14,440	9,454	619
1966	45,732	1,669	15,247	9,775	638
1967	47,411	1,501	15,779	10,114	658
1968	50,247	1,517	16,719	10,829	704
1969	53,700	1,845	17,583	11,723	780
1970	57,178	2,362	18,206	12,579	764
1971	59,439	2,800	18,589	12,971	794
1972	62,704	3,019	19,514	13,668	836
1973	66,338	3,187	20,340	14,448	853
1974	66,697	3,287	19,843	14,305	904
1975	67,157	3,680	19,319	14,237	972
1976	70,745	3,875	20,377	15,120	1,019
1977	73,306	4,225	20,896	15,362	1,078
1978	76,179	4,632	21,359	15,974	1,121
1979	78,699	4,772	21,584	16,551	1,183
1980	78,011	4,828	20,752	16,285	1,219
1981	77,655	4,764	20,138	15,806	1,349
1982	77,278	4,977	19,318	15,435	1,336
1983	78,599	5,298	19,251	15,500	1,405
1984	82,129	5,685	20,236	15,974	1,501
1985	84,333	6,150	20,184	16,793	1,584
1986	86,201	6,444	20,372	17,032	1,696
1987	89,321	6,950	21,055	17,397	1,803
1988	92,667	7,467	22,015	17,542	1,962
1989	94,454	7,836	22,547	17,588	2,143
1990	95,856	7,938	22,609	17,739	2,301
1991	96,516	8,338	22,580	17,590	2,428
1992	97,105	8,774	22,913	17,292	2,553
1993	97,895	9,458	23,396	17,167	2,616
1994	99,137	10,049	23,824	17,114	2,757
1995	101,315	10,353	24,343	17,576	2,963
1996	104,246	10,907	25,165	18,126	3,082
1997	105,269	10,981	25,354	18,019	3,252
1998	105,852	11,001	25,513	18,141	3,449
1999	107,614	11,386	25,965	18,021	3,546
2000	110,416	11,800	26,546	18,026	3,725
2001	111,493	12,470	25,918	18,357	3,741
2002	113,894	13,580	26,297	18,268	3,871
2003	117,850	15,819	26,383	18,602	4,009
2004	123,842	18,509	26,899	18,877	4,353
2005	127,937	21,027	26,913	18,880	4,608
2006	131,481	23,048	26,700	19,009	4,855
2007	135,618	25,050	27,067	18,781	5,269
2008	137,229	26,020	26,407	18,720	5,577
2009	135,033	27,159	25,111	17,585	5,988
2010	141,602	29,056	25,954	18,308	6,248
2011	144,913	31,337	25,729	17,768	6,587
2012	147,002	32,624	25,047	17,570	6,938
2013	149,600	33,853	25,729	17,434	7,163
2014	151,239	34,729	25,996	16,872	7,653
2015	152,358	35,136	25,747	17,074	7,892
2016	154,221	35,278	25,727	17,240	8,263
2017	157,625	36,649	25,822	17,563	8,572
2018	161,806	38,410	26,769	17,505	9,063
2019	163,695	40,189	26,578	17,257	9,282
2020	157,994	41,494	24,630	15,950	8,792
2021	166,044	43,847	25,957	16,806	9,545
2022	169,062	44,516	26,513	16,150	10,059
2023	172,239	47,072	26,217	15,696	10,828
2024	176,737	48,987	26,529	15,902	11,336

Source: Our World in Data energy dataset, from Energy Institute Statistical Review and U.S. EIA (CC BY 4.0)
Retrieved: 24 October 2026
Method: Methodology §3.2

CSV for Primary energy consumption

World electricity generation mix

Share of generation by source, %, 2000–2025

CoalOil & other fossilGasNuclearHydroWindSolarBioenergyOther renewables

Show the data as a table (share, %)

World electricity generation mix, % of total
Year	Coal (%)	Oil & other fossil (%)	Gas (%)	Nuclear (%)	Hydro (%)	Wind (%)	Solar (%)	Bioenergy (%)	Other renewables (%)
2000	38.0	8.7	18.0	16.6	17.2	0.2	0.0	1.0	0.3
2001	38.0	8.3	18.8	16.9	16.5	0.2	0.0	1.0	0.3
2002	38.3	7.9	19.3	16.5	16.3	0.3	0.0	1.0	0.3
2003	39.5	7.8	19.6	15.6	15.7	0.4	0.0	1.1	0.3
2004	39.0	7.3	20.1	15.6	16.1	0.5	0.0	1.1	0.3
2005	39.5	7.0	20.3	15.0	16.1	0.6	0.0	1.2	0.3
2006	40.2	6.2	20.7	14.7	16.0	0.7	0.0	1.2	0.3
2007	40.8	6.1	21.4	13.7	15.5	0.9	0.0	1.3	0.3
2008	40.2	5.8	21.7	13.4	16.1	1.1	0.1	1.3	0.3
2009	39.9	5.4	22.0	13.3	16.3	1.4	0.1	1.4	0.3
2010	39.8	5.1	22.6	12.8	16.1	1.6	0.2	1.5	0.3
2011	40.6	5.4	22.1	11.9	15.9	2.0	0.3	1.6	0.3
2012	39.8	5.5	22.9	10.8	16.3	2.4	0.4	1.7	0.3
2013	40.7	5.2	21.8	10.6	16.4	2.7	0.6	1.8	0.3
2014	40.4	4.8	22.0	10.5	16.3	3.0	0.8	1.9	0.3
2015	38.7	4.7	23.1	10.6	16.2	3.5	1.1	2.0	0.3
2016	37.8	4.4	23.7	10.4	16.3	3.9	1.3	2.0	0.3
2017	38.0	3.9	23.5	10.2	15.9	4.5	1.7	2.0	0.3
2018	37.9	3.4	23.5	10.0	15.8	4.8	2.2	2.0	0.3
2019	36.6	3.2	23.9	10.3	15.8	5.3	2.6	2.1	0.3
2020	35.3	2.9	23.9	9.9	16.3	6.0	3.2	2.2	0.3
2021	36.0	2.9	23.2	9.8	15.2	6.6	3.7	2.3	0.3
2022	35.4	3.0	22.9	9.1	15.0	7.3	4.6	2.3	0.3
2023	35.1	2.9	22.6	9.1	14.3	7.8	5.6	2.3	0.3
2024	34.1	2.7	22.3	9.0	14.3	8.1	6.9	2.3	0.3
2025	33.1	2.6	21.7	8.9	14.0	8.5	8.8	2.2	0.3

Show the data as a table (TWh)

World electricity generation by source, TWh
Year	Coal (TWh)	Oil & other fossil (TWh)	Gas (TWh)	Nuclear (TWh)	Hydro (TWh)	Wind (TWh)	Solar (TWh)	Bioenergy (TWh)	Other renewables (TWh)
2000	5,808.8	1,324.3	2,745.6	2,540.5	2,629.7	31.2	1.0	154.1	43.7
2001	5,890.7	1,285.2	2,914.8	2,613.2	2,563.7	38.2	1.4	149.6	44.2
2002	6,144.3	1,271.8	3,104.8	2,654.8	2,611.6	52.2	1.7	162.8	45.8
2003	6,575.0	1,296.3	3,255.5	2,601.1	2,612.0	63.2	2.1	176.4	46.6
2004	6,797.3	1,263.7	3,503.1	2,719.4	2,802.6	85.5	2.8	192.4	48.3
2005	7,167.2	1,277.9	3,680.5	2,727.0	2,911.8	104.4	4.0	212.8	48.6
2006	7,567.0	1,175.8	3,900.6	2,761.6	3,018.1	133.2	5.4	226.6	50.8
2007	8,051.8	1,196.1	4,219.3	2,703.5	3,062.8	171.2	7.3	249.3	52.8
2008	8,074.2	1,171.7	4,361.0	2,694.7	3,245.4	220.9	11.9	266.4	56.6
2009	7,950.8	1,071.2	4,382.4	2,656.8	3,241.3	276.3	19.8	286.5	58.7
2010	8,458.0	1,078.7	4,807.9	2,725.9	3,428.2	346.0	32.2	327.2	59.7
2011	8,911.0	1,186.8	4,865.9	2,610.3	3,488.1	440.0	63.6	345.3	61.1
2012	8,960.3	1,238.6	5,161.4	2,432.2	3,660.2	529.3	96.9	374.0	62.8
2013	9,423.9	1,196.8	5,058.4	2,448.5	3,790.8	634.1	131.8	406.5	64.3
2014	9,603.8	1,143.7	5,214.1	2,498.7	3,870.7	706.1	197.7	442.7	69.5
2015	9,283.6	1,133.4	5,539.8	2,532.9	3,882.1	829.6	256.0	471.8	73.1
2016	9,328.0	1,085.1	5,849.9	2,571.1	4,014.8	960.3	327.5	482.1	75.9
2017	9,655.1	993.8	5,973.6	2,594.2	4,054.0	1,139.4	444.7	507.4	78.8
2018	10,033.0	908.6	6,224.6	2,658.7	4,176.8	1,268.1	575.2	537.7	81.7
2019	9,826.4	855.0	6,401.3	2,754.1	4,227.8	1,421.0	697.9	566.0	83.0
2020	9,436.2	768.5	6,381.2	2,648.8	4,347.0	1,591.5	853.4	600.1	86.1
2021	10,157.3	830.0	6,557.0	2,761.0	4,288.3	1,856.1	1,054.0	654.2	86.3
2022	10,236.3	872.0	6,626.6	2,639.9	4,324.1	2,105.7	1,333.1	668.1	87.9
2023	10,389.5	862.0	6,696.5	2,700.8	4,240.5	2,317.1	1,664.2	682.6	88.4
2024	10,539.7	837.1	6,879.5	2,778.8	4,435.5	2,508.2	2,142.9	702.3	88.4
2025	10,490.3	818.4	6,896.4	2,812.4	4,432.3	2,711.9	2,778.6	704.9	89.3

Source: Ember, Yearly Electricity Data (CC BY 4.0)
Retrieved: 24 October 2026
Method: Methodology §3.1

CSV for World electricity generation mix, share, %

Electricity demand per person, 2024

MWh per person per year. Equal Earth projection. Hatched: no data

MWh per person< 11–2.52.5–55–1010–15≥ 15No data

Show the data as a table

Electricity demand per person, MWh per person, 2024
Country	ISO numeric	Demand per person (MWh)
016	016	3.85
028	028	3.95
048	048	23.92
052	052	3.93
060	060	9.44
132	132	0.99
136	136	9.54
184	184	2.91
258	258	2.56
292	292	5.59
296	296	0.30
308	308	2.05
316	316	11.09
344	344	6.58
446	446	8.72
462	462	1.61
470	470	5.86
480	480	2.68
500	500	2.28
520	520	4.19
533	533	9.25
659	659	4.91
662	662	2.23
670	670	1.49
690	690	4.83
702	702	10.22
776	776	0.67
796	796	5.80
882	882	0.73
Afghanistan	004	0.16
Algeria	012	2.01
Angola	024	0.41
Argentina	032	3.54
Armenia	051	2.57
Australia	036	10.54
Austria	040	7.86
Azerbaijan	031	2.57
Bahamas	044	5.61
Bangladesh	050	0.64
Belarus	112	4.99
Belgium	056	7.34
Belize	084	2.04
Benin	204	0.16
Bhutan	064	15.74
Bolivia	068	1.09
Bosnia and Herz.	070	4.13
Botswana	072	1.85
Brazil	076	3.57
Brunei	096	12.02
Bulgaria	100	5.52
Burkina Faso	854	0.14
Burundi	108	0.04
Cambodia	116	1.13
Cameroon	120	0.25
Canada	124	15.71
Chad	148	0.02
Chile	152	4.48
China	156	7.10
Colombia	170	1.69
Congo	178	0.85
Costa Rica	188	2.19
Côte d'Ivoire	384	0.32
Croatia	191	5.07
Cuba	192	1.77
Cyprus	196	4.26
Czechia	203	6.16
Dem. Rep. Congo	180	0.16
Denmark	208	6.52
Djibouti	262	0.69
Dominican Rep.	214	2.10
Ecuador	218	1.84
Egypt	818	2.03
El Salvador	222	0.98
Eq. Guinea	226	0.79
Eritrea	232	0.13
Estonia	233	6.75
eSwatini	748	1.33
Ethiopia	231	0.18
Fiji	242	1.24
Finland	246	15.26
France	250	7.09
Gabon	266	1.25
Gambia	270	0.19
Georgia	268	3.71
Germany	276	6.18
Ghana	288	0.63
Greece	300	5.65
Greenland	304	10.75
Guatemala	320	0.89
Guinea	324	0.27
Guinea-Bissau	624	0.04
Guyana	328	1.66
Haiti	332	0.07
Honduras	340	1.17
Hungary	348	5.04
Iceland	352	48.42
India	356	1.40
Indonesia	360	1.31
Iran	364	4.30
Iraq	368	3.41
Ireland	372	6.88
Israel	376	7.88
Italy	380	5.37
Jamaica	388	1.73
Japan	392	8.21
Jordan	400	2.05
Kazakhstan	398	5.87
Kenya	404	0.26
Kuwait	414	18.74
Kyrgyzstan	417	2.68
Laos	418	2.01
Latvia	428	3.95
Lebanon	422	0.92
Lesotho	426	0.25
Liberia	430	0.10
Libya	434	4.69
Lithuania	440	4.47
Luxembourg	442	10.04
Macedonia	807	3.85
Madagascar	450	0.08
Malawi	454	0.08
Malaysia	458	5.54
Mali	466	0.22
Mauritania	478	0.46
Mexico	484	2.71
Moldova	498	2.00
Mongolia	496	3.32
Montenegro	499	5.28
Morocco	504	1.18
Mozambique	508	0.48
Myanmar	104	0.40
Namibia	516	1.33
Nepal	524	0.37
Netherlands	528	6.48
New Caledonia	540	10.66
New Zealand	554	8.44
Nicaragua	558	0.78
Niger	562	0.08
Nigeria	566	0.15
North Korea	408	1.02
Norway	578	24.87
Oman	512	9.30
Pakistan	586	0.63
Palestine	275	1.45
Panama	591	2.94
Papua New Guinea	598	0.45
Paraguay	600	3.81
Peru	604	1.73
Philippines	608	1.07
Poland	616	4.52
Portugal	620	5.54
Puerto Rico	630	6.17
Qatar	634	18.59
Romania	642	2.93
Russia	643	8.24
Rwanda	646	0.09
S. Sudan	728	0.05
Saudi Arabia	682	13.39
Senegal	686	0.44
Serbia	688	5.56
Sierra Leone	694	0.02
Slovakia	703	4.83
Slovenia	705	6.75
Solomon Is.	090	0.13
Somalia	706	0.02
South Africa	710	3.85
South Korea	410	12.09
Spain	724	5.65
Sri Lanka	144	0.74
Sudan	729	0.31
Suriname	740	2.74
Sweden	752	13.08
Switzerland	756	7.17
Syria	760	0.98
Taiwan	158	12.43
Tajikistan	762	1.85
Tanzania	834	0.13
Thailand	764	3.24
Timor-Leste	626	0.36
Togo	768	0.23
Trinidad and Tobago	780	6.33
Tunisia	788	1.95
Turkey	792	3.89
Turkmenistan	795	3.20
Uganda	800	0.11
United Arab Emirates	784	16.05
United Kingdom	826	4.59
United States of America	840	12.75
Uruguay	858	4.29
Uzbekistan	860	2.32
Venezuela	862	2.82
Vietnam	704	3.04
Yemen	887	0.13
Zambia	894	0.78
Zimbabwe	716	0.73

Source: Ember, Yearly Electricity Data (CC BY 4.0); boundaries: Natural Earth via world-atlas (public domain)
Retrieved: 24 October 2026
Method: Methodology §4

CSV for Electricity demand per person, 2024

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